How is tort liability typically categorized?

Tort liability is primarily categorized by acts that cause harm to individuals or property, which can arise from either negligent actions or intentional misconduct. This is a fundamental concept in tort law, where the aim is to provide compensation for losses caused by the wrongful actions of others. Negligence involves a failure to exercise reasonable care, while intentional acts are those carried out with the intent to cause harm. Thus, categorizing tort liability in this way highlights the basis for legal claims in civil court, allowing affected parties to seek remedies for injuries or damages incurred.

The other categories mentioned do not align with the nature of tort liability. Criminal acts typically involve actions taken against the state rather than private individuals and are prosecuted by the government. Public service obligations focus on duties that individuals or organizations owe to the public, which generally fall outside the realm of tort law. Acts of nature, while they can cause damages, are typically not categorized as torts unless linked to negligence, such as failing to prepare for an unavoidable natural disaster. Therefore, the focus on negligent or intentional acts is essential in defining tort liability correctly.