What principle explains the sharing of risk among a large group by insurance?

The correct answer is based on the concept of risk pooling, which is fundamental to the operation of insurance. Risk pooling refers to the method by which insurers group together a large number of individuals or entities who share similar risks. By pooling these risks together, the financial burden of loss is distributed among all members of the group.

This principle works under the assumption that not all individuals will experience a loss at the same time, allowing the insurer to cover the losses of a few from the collected premiums of the many. This sharing of risk helps stabilize premiums and ensures that insurance is accessible. It is the foundation of how insurance companies manage their financial exposure while providing protection to insured parties.

The other options, while relevant to the broader context of insurance, do not directly describe the mechanism by which risks are shared among a group. Insurance fraud involves deceit to gain an unfair advantage in claims, claims disruption refers to delays or problems in processing claims, and underwriting is the process of evaluating risks to determine policy terms and pricing. None of these concepts encapsulate the essence of risk pooling as it relates to the sharing of risk within an insurance framework.